SAT / PSAT
SAT / PSAT Prep
History & Social Science
AP World History AP US History AP European History AP Human Geography AP US Government & Politics AP Psychology AP Macroeconomics AP Microeconomics
English
AP English Language & Composition AP English Literature & Composition
Math & Computer Science
AP Calculus AB/BC AP Precalculus AP Statistics AP Computer Science A AP Computer Science Principles
Sciences
AP Biology AP Chemistry AP Environmental Science AP Physics 1 AP Physics 2
World Languages & Arts
AP Spanish Language AP Art History AP Music Theory Start studying →
⚖️ Unit 7 · Equilibrium 🏠 Unit Hub 🗂 Flashcards 🗺 Cheat Sheet ⭐ The Essentials 🎨 Visual Review 📝 MC Practice ✍️ SAQ Practice
⚖️ Unit 7 · 7–9% of Exam

Equilibrium

The balance point. Dynamic equilibrium and the reaction quotient, the equilibrium constant and its properties, ICE tables, Le Châtelier's principle, and solubility equilibria.

14 topics
~16–18 class periods
2 Big Ideas covered
College Board aligned
← Back to AP Chemistry

Choose your study tool

Six ways to master Unit 7 — pick whichever fits how you like to study.

🗂
Flashcards
20 interactive flashcards covering every key term from Unit 7. Tap to flip, shuffle, and use keyboard arrows.
Open flashcards →
🗺
Cheat Sheet
A one-page visual summary of Unit 7 — every key topic, term, and theme on a single screen.
Open cheat sheet →
Essentials
The big ideas plus a searchable glossary of every vocabulary term you need to know for the exam.
Open essentials →
🎨
Visual Review
A slide-by-slide walkthrough of Unit 7 with diagrams of equilibrium graphs, ICE tables, and Le Châtelier shifts.
Open visual review →
📝
MCQ Practice
20 multiple-choice questions in College Board exam style — with full explanations of every answer.
Start practice →
✍️
SAQ Practice
A short-answer question with model answers showing exactly how each part earns its point on the exam.
Start SAQ →

Topics in Unit 7

Fourteen topics from the College Board CED, in order.

Topic 7.1
Introduction to Equilibrium
Reversible reactions reach a dynamic state where forward and reverse rates are equal.
Topic 7.2
Direction of Reversible Reactions
How concentrations of reactants and products change as a system approaches equilibrium.
Topic 7.3
Reaction Quotient & Equilibrium Constant
Q describes a system at any point; K describes the system specifically at equilibrium.
Topic 7.4
Calculating the Equilibrium Constant
Using equilibrium concentrations or partial pressures to calculate Kc or Kp.
Topic 7.5
Magnitude of the Equilibrium Constant
Large K favors products at equilibrium; small K favors reactants.
Topic 7.6
Properties of the Equilibrium Constant
How K changes when a reaction is reversed, scaled, or combined with other reactions.
Topic 7.7
Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations
Using ICE tables and K to solve for unknown equilibrium concentrations.
Topic 7.8
Representations of Equilibrium
Particulate-level and graphical representations of a system at equilibrium.
Topic 7.9
Introduction to Le Châtelier's Principle
A system at equilibrium shifts to partially counteract an applied stress.
Topic 7.10
Reaction Quotient & Le Châtelier's Principle
Comparing Q to K after a stress to predict which direction the system shifts.
Topic 7.11
Introduction to Solubility Equilibria
The solubility product constant (Ksp) describes the dissolution equilibrium of a slightly soluble ionic solid.
Topic 7.12
Common-Ion Effect
Adding an ion already present in a solubility equilibrium decreases the solid's molar solubility.
Topic 7.13
pH & Solubility
How solution pH can affect the solubility of certain ionic compounds.
Topic 7.14
Free Energy of Dissolution
Connecting the thermodynamic favorability of dissolution to the value of Ksp.

About Unit 7

Unit 7 examines what happens when a reversible reaction stops changing on the macroscopic level — not because the reaction has stopped, but because forward and reverse rates have become equal. This is dynamic equilibrium. You'll learn to compare the reaction quotient (Q) to the equilibrium constant (K) to predict which direction a reaction will shift, use ICE tables to calculate equilibrium concentrations, and apply Le Châtelier's principle to predict how a system responds to a stress like a concentration, volume, or temperature change. The unit closes by extending equilibrium concepts to solubility equilibria — the dissolving and precipitating of ionic solids.

This unit is roughly 7–9% of the AP Chem exam and takes about 16–18 class periods, among the longer units in the course. Equilibrium reasoning returns directly in Unit 8 (acid-base equilibria) — mastering Q vs. K comparisons and ICE tables here will make that unit far more manageable.

The College Board ties Unit 7 to two core Big Ideas:

Big Idea CE
Chemical Effects — equilibrium reflects a balance of forward and reverse reaction rates
Big Idea TRA
Transformations — Le Châtelier's principle predicts how equilibrium systems respond to change
Explore more
Browse all 9 AP Chemistry units
View all units →