SAT / PSAT
SAT / PSAT Prep
History & Social Science
AP World History AP US History AP European History AP Human Geography AP US Government & Politics AP Psychology AP Macroeconomics AP Microeconomics
English
AP English Language & Composition AP English Literature & Composition
Math & Computer Science
AP Calculus AB/BC AP Precalculus AP Statistics AP Computer Science A AP Computer Science Principles
Sciences
AP Biology AP Chemistry AP Environmental Science AP Physics 1 AP Physics 2
World Languages & Arts
AP Spanish Language AP Art History AP Music Theory Start studying →
Unit 6 · Integration & Accumulation

Integration & Accumulation of Change

Meet the integral — the second half of calculus. Approximate area with Riemann sums, define the definite integral, use the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus to connect it to antiderivatives, and build a toolkit of antidifferentiation techniques from basic rules to u-substitution and BC methods.

14 topics
AB 17–20% · BC 17–20%
~18 class periods (AB)
College Board aligned
← Back to AP Calculus AB/BC

Choose your study tool

Six ways to master Unit 6 — pick whichever fits how you like to study.

Flashcards
24 interactive flashcards covering Riemann sums, the definite integral, the FTC, antiderivatives, and u-substitution. Tap to flip.
Open flashcards →
Cheat Sheet
A one-page visual summary of Unit 6 — every rule, theorem, and exam trap on a single screen.
Open cheat sheet →
Essentials
The core concepts plus a searchable glossary of every vocabulary term you need to know for the exam.
Open essentials →
Visual Review
A slide-by-slide walkthrough of Unit 6 with Riemann sum diagrams, the FTC, and the u-substitution procedure.
Open visual review →
MCQ Practice
35 multiple-choice questions in College Board exam style — with full explanations of every answer.
Start practice →
FRQ Practice
A free-response question with model answers showing exactly how each part earns its point on the exam.
Start FRQ →

Topics in Unit 6

All 14 topics from the College Board CED, in order. Topics 6.11–6.13 are BC only.

Topic 6.1
Exploring Accumulations of Change
Area under a rate curve as accumulated change.
Topic 6.2
Approximating Areas with Riemann Sums
Left, right, midpoint, and trapezoidal estimates.
Topic 6.3
Riemann Sums & Definite Integral Notation
Summation notation and the definite integral as a limit.
Topic 6.4
FTC & Accumulation Functions
The derivative of an accumulation function.
Topic 6.5
Behavior of Accumulation Functions
Reading g(x) = ∫ f from the graph of f.
Topic 6.6
Properties of Definite Integrals
Linearity, additivity, and reversing limits.
Topic 6.7
FTC & Definite Integrals
Evaluating integrals with an antiderivative.
Topic 6.8
Antiderivatives & Indefinite Integrals
Basic antiderivative rules and notation.
Topic 6.9
Integrating Using Substitution
u-substitution to reverse the chain rule.
Topic 6.10
Long Division & Completing the Square
Rewriting integrands before integrating.
Topic 6.11
Integration by Parts (BC)
Reversing the product rule.
Topic 6.12
Linear Partial Fractions (BC)
Splitting rational functions to integrate.
Topic 6.13
Evaluating Improper Integrals (BC)
Integrals with infinite bounds or discontinuities.
Topic 6.14
Selecting Antidifferentiation Techniques
Choosing the right integration method.

About Unit 6

Unit 6 introduces integration, the reverse of differentiation and the tool for measuring accumulated change. The area under a rate-of-change curve is the total change, and you approximate it with Riemann sums (left, right, midpoint) and the trapezoidal rule. As the subintervals shrink, these sums approach the definite integral ∫₁₀ f(x) dx, the exact signed area.

The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus ties it all together: the derivative of an accumulation function g(x) = ∫ f(t) dt is f(x), and a definite integral can be evaluated as F(b) − F(a) using any antiderivative F. You’ll learn the basic antiderivative rules, u-substitution (reversing the chain rule), and algebraic setups like long division and completing the square. BC students add integration by parts, partial fractions, and improper integrals, then practice selecting the right technique.

On the exam this unit is 17–20% for both AB and BC — one of the largest — and takes about 18 class periods (AB). The four mathematical practices below run through every topic:

Practice 1
Implementing Mathematical Processes
Practice 2
Connecting Representations
Practice 3
Justification
Practice 4
Communication & Notation
Up next
Unit 7: Differential Equations
Start Unit 7 →