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Unit 1 · Limits & Continuity

Limits & Continuity

Where calculus begins. Learn what a limit is and how to evaluate one graphically, numerically, and algebraically; define continuity and classify discontinuities; connect limits to asymptotes; and apply the Intermediate Value Theorem.

16 topics
AB 10–12% · BC 4–7%
~22 class periods (AB)
College Board aligned
← Back to AP Calculus AB/BC

Choose your study tool

Six ways to master Unit 1 — pick whichever fits how you like to study.

Flashcards
24 interactive flashcards covering limits, techniques, continuity, discontinuities, asymptotes, and the IVT. Tap to flip.
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Cheat Sheet
A one-page visual summary of Unit 1 — every technique, definition, and exam trap on a single screen.
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Essentials
The core concepts plus a searchable glossary of every vocabulary term you need to know for the exam.
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Visual Review
A slide-by-slide walkthrough of Unit 1 with limit graphs, discontinuities, asymptotes, and the IVT.
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MCQ Practice
35 multiple-choice questions in College Board exam style — with full explanations of every answer.
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FRQ Practice
A free-response question with model answers showing exactly how each part earns its point on the exam.
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Topics in Unit 1

All 16 topics from the College Board CED, in order.

Topic 1.1
Can Change Occur at an Instant?
The central question of calculus that motivates limits and rates of change.
Topic 1.2
Defining Limits & Limit Notation
What a limit is and how to write it with limit notation.
Topic 1.3
Estimating Limit Values from Graphs
Reading limits, including one-sided limits, from a graph.
Topic 1.4
Estimating Limit Values from Tables
Approximating a limit numerically from a table of values.
Topic 1.5
Algebraic Properties of Limits
Using the limit laws for sums, products, quotients, and constant multiples.
Topic 1.6
Determining Limits Using Algebraic Manipulation
Factoring and rationalizing to resolve indeterminate 0/0 forms.
Topic 1.7
Selecting Procedures for Determining Limits
Choosing the appropriate technique to evaluate a limit.
Topic 1.8
The Squeeze Theorem
Bounding a function between two others to find its limit.
Topic 1.9
Connecting Multiple Representations of Limits
Relating graphical, numerical, and analytical views of a limit.
Topic 1.10
Exploring Types of Discontinuities
Removable, jump, and infinite discontinuities.
Topic 1.11
Defining Continuity at a Point
The three-part definition of continuity at a point.
Topic 1.12
Confirming Continuity over an Interval
Continuity on intervals and which functions are continuous.
Topic 1.13
Removing Discontinuities
Redefining a function to remove a removable discontinuity.
Topic 1.14
Infinite Limits & Vertical Asymptotes
Connecting unbounded behavior to vertical asymptotes.
Topic 1.15
Limits at Infinity & Horizontal Asymptotes
Using end behavior to find horizontal asymptotes.
Topic 1.16
The Intermediate Value Theorem (IVT)
Guaranteeing a continuous function attains a value on an interval.

About Unit 1

Unit 1 builds the single idea the rest of calculus depends on: the limit. It opens with the motivating question — can change occur at an instant? — and defines what it means for a function to approach a value. You'll learn to estimate limits from graphs and tables, evaluate them with the limit laws and algebraic manipulation (factoring and rationalizing to resolve the indeterminate form 0/0), and handle special cases with the Squeeze Theorem.

The second half turns to continuity. You'll apply the three-part definition of continuity at a point, confirm continuity over intervals, and classify removable, jump, and infinite discontinuities — even redefining a function to remove a hole. Limits then explain asymptotes: infinite limits give vertical asymptotes, and limits at infinity give horizontal asymptotes. The unit closes with the Intermediate Value Theorem, which guarantees a continuous function takes on every value between two of its outputs.

On the exam this unit is 10–12% for AB and 4–7% for BC, and takes about 22 class periods (AB). The four mathematical practices below run through every topic:

Practice 1
Implementing Mathematical Processes
Practice 2
Connecting Representations
Practice 3
Justification
Practice 4
Communication & Notation
Up next
Unit 2: Differentiation — Definition & Fundamental Properties
Start Unit 2 →