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Unit 9 · AP English Language & Composition

Thinking Rhetorically
About Language

Examine language itself as a rhetorical act — how word choice, syntax, dialect, and definition shape argument and power.

Pacing: ~15 class periods
Topics: 6
Big Ideas: STL · RHS · CLE
Study Resources
Flashcards Cheat Sheet Essentials Visual Review MC Practice FRQ Practice
Unit 9 Topics
Topic 9.1

Language and Power

How control of language reflects and reinforces social, political, and institutional power — who gets to name things, whose dialect is "correct," and how language polices identity.

Topic 9.2

Standard English and Language Hierarchies

The rhetorical construction of "Standard American English" as a prestige dialect — how it came to be treated as neutral or correct and what that construction excludes or devalues.

Topic 9.3

Dialect, Register, and Code-Switching

How speakers navigate multiple language systems across social contexts — and what choices of dialect and register signal about audience, identity, and purpose.

Topic 9.4

Syntax as Rhetoric

How sentence structure — length, complexity, coordination vs. subordination, parataxis vs. hypotaxis — creates meaning, controls pace, and shapes the reader's emotional and intellectual experience.

Topic 9.5

Diction, Connotation, and Loaded Language

How word choice shapes argument through associations and emotional resonance beyond literal definitions — euphemism, dysphemism, doublespeak, and the politics of naming.

Topic 9.6

Defining Terms as Argumentative Strategy

How definitions control the premises of debate — whoever defines the key terms often wins the argument before it begins. Recognizing definition as a rhetorical act, not a neutral act of clarification.

Big Ideas in Unit 9
STL — Primary

Style and Language as Argument

Unit 9 centers STL: every linguistic choice — word selection, sentence structure, dialect use, definition — is a rhetorical act with argumentative consequences. Language does not describe reality neutrally; it constructs it.

RHS — Supporting

Language Within Rhetorical Situations

Language choices are always made for specific audiences, purposes, and contexts. The same words mean different things in different rhetorical situations — and choosing which register or dialect to use is itself a judgment about audience and relationship.

CLE — Supporting

How Language Shapes Claims and Evidence

CLE in Unit 9 focuses on how the language of argument — especially definitions and loaded terms — can predetermine conclusions. A claim built on a contested definition is only as strong as that definition; evaluating arguments requires examining their linguistic premises.

Full Course
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